Toxoplasma gondii: ultrastructural localization of specific antigens and inhibition of intracellular multiplication by monoclonal antibodies

This experiment was focused on the characterization of anti-Toxoplasma monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and the effect of mAbs on the parasite invasion of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Twenty eight mAbs including M110, M556, R7A6 and M621 were characterized by Ab titer, immunoglobulin isotyping and western blot pattern. Antibody titer (optical density) of 4 mAbs, M110, M556, R7A6 and M621, were 0.53, 0.67, 0.45 and 0.39 (normal mouse serum; 0.19) with the same IgG1 isotypes shown by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot analysis showed that M110, M556, R7A6 and M621 reacted with the 33 kDa (p30), 31 kDa (p28), 43 kDa and 36 kDa protein. Immunogold labelling of mAbs M110, M556, R7A6 and M621 reacted with the surface membrane, dense granules and parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM), rhoptries and cytoplasm of tachyzoite, respectively. For in vitro assay, preincubation of tachyzoites with four mAbs, M110, M556, R7A6 and M621 resulted in the decrease of the number of infected macrophages (P < 0.05) and the suppression of parasite multiplication at 18 h post-infection. Four monoclonal antibodies including M110 (SAG1) were found to have an important role in the inhibition of macrophage invasion and T. gondii multiplication in vitro, and these mAbs may be suitable for vaccine candidates, diagnostic kit and for chemotherapy.

Study on Catecholaminergic Neurons in Central Pathways Supplying the Vagus Nerve / 대한해부학회지

This study aimed to carry out the reconstruction of whole tract of the vagus nerve using new powerful neurotracer which can migrate easily to the neighboring neurons through synapse and identify whether catecholaminergic neurons exist or not in the central vagal pathways. Pesudorabies virus (PRV-Ba) was used as a neurotracer and antibody to the PRV-Ba was used to localize the tracer in neurons immunohistochemically. The PRV-Ba was injected into the cervical portion of the vagus nerve of Sprague-Dawley rats. After 3 to 4 days of survival periods, brain tissues were fixed, sectioned and stained using anti-PRV-Ba and ABC method subsequently. Motor neurons of the vagus nerve were originated exclsively from dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve and nucleus ambiguus in the medulla oblongata which project fiber by way of nucleus tractus solitarius up to the cerebrum including the paraventricular nucleus. Double labelled neurons were found mostly throughout the brainstem. The adrenergic inputs arose from the C1, C2, and C3 cell groups. Noradrenergic inputs originated predominately from A5 cell group, with lesser contributions from A1 and A7 cell groups as well as locus ceruleus. Some weakly stained TH-immunoreac-tive neurons, presumably dopaminergic, were labelled in the paraventicular nucleus. In conclusion, motor neurons projecting to the vagus nerve includes noradrenergic neurons of the brainstem and from a dopaminergic neurons in the paraventicular nucleus.

A Case of Calyceal Diverticulum / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Authors present herein a calyceal diverticulum complicated by chronic pyelonephritis, which was diagnosed tentatively on I.V.P. and confirmed by operation, in a woman of 22 yeas old who had been admitted to our clinic because of urinary infection. And also, literatures on this condition have been reviewed briefly.

Clinical Observation on Ureterolithotomy / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Clinical observation was done on the fifty-five ureterolithotomized cases of all the cases of ureteral stone which had been treated at the Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital during 10 years from 1960 through 1969. The results were as follows: 1. The fifty-five ureterolithotomized cases covered the results of highest incidence in 2nd decade for age and one third at the lower one third ureter for location and a half with 0. 61~0.7 cm. for stone size. 2. By urinalysis, acid uria, proteinuria, hematuria and pyuria were detected in about one half of the cases and bacteriuria in a half. 3. About one third of all the cases were noted as non-visualizing kidneys on post-operative I.V.P. 4. For all cases of 0.7cm. or bigger in stone size and one fourth of 0.51~0.7 cm. ureterolithotomy was performed. 5. Calcium oxalate stones were noted with highest incidence, calcium oxalate-phosphate and phosphate stones the next, and calcium oxalate-carbonate and phosphate-uric acid stones had the least incidence on analysis of the chemical composition of stone. 6. Prolonged urinary infections were noted in the cases of post-operative T-tube inlaying. And post-operative I.V.P. showed normal or markedly improved condition with the exception of mild ureteral stricture in 2 cases performed ureterolithotomy.

On Urethral Dilatation for Urethral Stricture / 대한비뇨기과학회지

clinical observation was possible only in 92 of the 159 patients with urethral stricture, who visited the out-patient clinic of Urology in Pusan National University Hospital from the year of 1956 through 1966 In 82 of the 92 cases observed, gradual and periodic urethral dilatations were performed and satisfactory successes were obtained in 25 of them. The results were as follows 1. Urethral dilatations were indicated for the cases in which #18 or less French metal sound gave resistance or difficulties passing the urethra in male and #20 or less French metal sound in female. 2. The urethral dilatation, were performed by inserting #20~22 French metal sound in the urethra first to confirm the area of stricture. If those sounds were not passed, sounds of less size than them or filiform bougies were inserted. When passage of sound of a certain size was successful, sounds of bigger and bigger size approaching #20~24 French were inserted and in severe cases. Foley catheters were indwelled after urethral dilations. 3. Usually, 11-15 times of gradual and periodic urethral dilatations with interval of 3~5 days, totaling about two months should be done. The indwelled catheters were changed every one to two weeks. totaling 6~8 weeks of indwelling and then gradual and periodic urethral dilations were performed after removal of the indwelled catheter. 4. The results of urethral dilatations were successful in 80 per cent, improved 12 per cent and ineffective 8 per cent respectively. 5. Anatomical knowledge on the urethra, and skillful technique and meticulous cares were essential for successful urethral dilatations.

A Report of Two Cases with Pyelo-ureteroplasty / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Two cases with uretero-pelvic stricture of which the one was 15 year-old girl and the other was 10 month-old child, underwent pyelo-ureteroplasty by the technique of Foley YV plasty, was reported.

Testicular Tumor in Childhood: Report of 5 Cases / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Four cases of testicular embryonal cell CA and one case of testicular teratoma in childhood are presented, and related literatures are reviewed.